Автор: Андрей Русев 
Самое простое предположение: вы монтируете флешку под одним пользователем, а неработающее приложение запущено под другим.
Нет, всё под одним и тем же пользователем:
lesha@ubuntu:~$ ls -la /media/lesha/
total 136
drwxr-x---+ 3 root root 4096 Feb 11 00:15 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Feb 11 00:01 ..
drwxrwxrwx 1 lesha lesha 131072 Jan 1 1970 USBFLASH
lesha@ubuntu:~$ ls -la /media/lesha/USBFLASH/
total 260
drwxrwxrwx 1 lesha lesha 131072 Jan 1 1970 .
drwxr-x---+ 3 root root 4096 Feb 11 00:15 ..
drwxrwxrwx 1 lesha lesha 131072 Feb 11 00:01 1987d7d1.000
Цитата:
1. Если смонтировать флешку до запуска приложения, то контейнеры перечислятся?
Да. Вот сценарий воспроизведения ошибки попроще:
1. Открываем cptools
2. Монтируем флешку
3. Контейнер не виден/подпись не работает
Такой сценарий работает:
1. Монтируем флешку
2. Открываем cptools
3. Контейнер виден и подпись работает
Это все воспроизвожу в VMWare Workstation с пробросом USB флешки с хостовой машины. Далее логи собраны при эмуляции флешки в VMWare (поведение такое же, как и при пробросе флешки с хоста).
lsusb
lesha@ubuntu:~$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0005 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mass Storage
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
lsblk
lesha@ubuntu:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 4K 1 loop /snap/bare/5
loop1 7:1 0 27.1M 1 loop /snap/chromium-ffmpeg/28
loop2 7:2 0 116.7M 1 loop /snap/core/14399
loop3 7:3 0 18.5M 1 loop /snap/chromium-ffmpeg/30
loop4 7:4 0 116.7M 1 loop /snap/core/14447
loop5 7:5 0 55.6M 1 loop /snap/core18/2667
loop6 7:6 0 63.3M 1 loop /snap/core20/1822
loop7 7:7 0 63.3M 1 loop /snap/core20/1778
loop8 7:8 0 55.6M 1 loop /snap/core18/2679
loop9 7:9 0 277.7M 1 loop /snap/nr-plugin/x2
loop10 7:10 0 346.3M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/119
loop11 7:11 0 346.3M 1 loop /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/115
loop12 7:12 0 91.7M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535
loop13 7:13 0 137.7M 1 loop /snap/lxd/24239
loop14 7:14 0 81.3M 1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1534
loop15 7:15 0 46M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/638
loop16 7:16 0 62.9M 1 loop /snap/snapcraft/8619
loop17 7:17 0 49.8M 1 loop /snap/snapd/17950
loop18 7:18 0 45.9M 1 loop /snap/snap-store/599
loop19 7:19 0 62.9M 1 loop /snap/snapcraft/8567
loop20 7:20 0 144.2M 1 loop /snap/lxd/24323
loop21 7:21 0 324M 1 loop /snap/nr-plugin/x3
loop22 7:22 0 49.6M 1 loop /snap/snapd/17883
sda 8:0 0 128G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 127.5G 0 part /
sdb 8:16 1 32G 0 disk /media/lesha/USBFLASH
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
mount
lesha@ubuntu:~$ mount
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/misc type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,misc)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=28,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=29733)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tracefs on /sys/kernel/tracing type tracefs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
vmware-vmblock on /run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/bare_5.snap on /snap/bare/5 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/chromium-ffmpeg_28.snap on /snap/chromium-ffmpeg/28 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_14399.snap on /snap/core/14399 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/chromium-ffmpeg_30.snap on /snap/chromium-ffmpeg/30 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core_14447.snap on /snap/core/14447 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core18_2667.snap on /snap/core18/2667 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core18_2679.snap on /snap/core18/2679 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core20_1778.snap on /snap/core20/1778 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core20_1822.snap on /snap/core20/1822 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gnome-3-38-2004_115.snap on /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/115 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gnome-3-38-2004_119.snap on /snap/gnome-3-38-2004/119 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gtk-common-themes_1535.snap on /snap/gtk-common-themes/1535 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/nr-plugin_x2.snap on /snap/nr-plugin/x2 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gtk-common-themes_1534.snap on /snap/gtk-common-themes/1534 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/lxd_24239.snap on /snap/lxd/24239 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/snapcraft_8619.snap on /snap/snapcraft/8619 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/snapd_17950.snap on /snap/snapd/17950 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/snap-store_638.snap on /snap/snap-store/638 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/snap-store_599.snap on /snap/snap-store/599 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/snapcraft_8567.snap on /snap/snapcraft/8567 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/lxd_24323.snap on /snap/lxd/24323 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/nr-plugin_x3.snap on /snap/nr-plugin/x3 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/snapd_17883.snap on /snap/snapd/17883 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,errors=continue,x-gdu.hide)
/dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)
tmpfs on /run/snapd/ns type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=810584k,mode=755,inode64)
nsfs on /run/snapd/ns/lxd.mnt type nsfs (rw)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=810580k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000,inode64)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000)
//192.168.28.1/projects on /mnt/projects type cifs (rw,relatime,vers=3.1.1,cache=strict,username=serov,uid=0,noforceuid,gid=0,noforcegid,addr=192.168.28.1,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777,soft,nounix,serverino,mapposix,rsize=4194304,wsize=4194304,bsize=1048576,echo_interval=60,actimeo=1)
/dev/sdb on /media/lesha/USBFLASH type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096,uhelper=udisks2)
ls -las /dev/disk/by-path/*usb*
lesha@ubuntu:~$ ls -las /dev/disk/by-path/*usb*
0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 11 00:29 /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:02:03.0-usb-0:1:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sdb
ls -las /dev/disk/by-uuid/
lesha@ubuntu:~$ ls -las /dev/disk/by-uuid/
total 0
0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 100 Feb 11 00:09 .
0 drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 140 Feb 11 00:09 ..
0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Feb 11 00:29 08D7-2328 -> ../../sdb
0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Feb 11 00:09 2882cf51-1761-4e53-98aa-0a697c137aaf -> ../../sda5
0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Feb 11 00:09 A63C-69AF -> ../../sda1
/opt/cprocsp/sbin/amd64/mount_flash.sh list
lesha@ubuntu:~$ /opt/cprocsp/sbin/amd64/mount_flash.sh list
08D7-2328
/opt/cprocsp/sbin/amd64/csptest -enum -info -type PP_ENUMREADERS -flags 32
lesha@ubuntu:~$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/csptest -enum -info -type PP_ENUMREADERS -flags 32
CSP (Type:80) v5.0.10011 KC1 Release Ver:5.0.12600 OS:Linux CPU:AMD64 FastCode:READY:AVX,AVX2.
CryptAcquireContext succeeded.HCRYPTPROV: 15201155
GetProvParam(...PP_ENUMREADERS...) until it returns false
Flags: 0x20
Len Byte NickName/Name/Media
___________________________________
0x012a 0x03 08D7-2328
Disk
FLASH_08D72328
0x012a 0x00 HDIMAGE
HDD key storage
NO_UNIQUE
Cycle exit when getting data. 2 items found. Level completed without problems.
Total: SYS: 0.000 sec USR: 0.010 sec UTC: 0.060 sec
[ErrorCode: 0x00000000]
/opt/cprocsp/sbin/amd64/csptest -keyset -verifycontext -enum -fqcn
lesha@ubuntu:~$ /opt/cprocsp/bin/amd64/csptest -keyset -verifycontext -enum -fqcn
CSP (Type:80) v5.0.10011 KC1 Release Ver:5.0.12600 OS:Linux CPU:AMD64 FastCode:READY:AVX,AVX2.
AcquireContext: OK. HCRYPTPROV: 23852627
\\.\08D7-2328\1987d7d1-e34d-41c4-941c-273f932748e2
OK.
Total: SYS: 0.000 sec USR: 0.010 sec UTC: 0.060 sec
[ErrorCode: 0x00000000]
